Desinformação eleitoral na era digital: um olhar sobre a manipulação de dados e estratégias abusivas

Abstract

This work aims to understand the impact of disinformation at the intersection between democracy and politics, considering the advance of the contemporary technological. lt focuses on the relevance of the terms fake news and post—truth in the electoral context, highlighting the complexities and challenges generated by the rapid dissemination of information. The analysis covers the role of digital platforms, algorithms, and their influence on the formation of information bubbles. The methodology adopted comprises bibliographic, descriptive, exploratory, and documentary research, through reading scientific articles, books, reports, dissertations, national and international standards, legal decisions, and joumalistic articles. The instrumentalization of the information as a manipulation tool is discussed, affecting the nature of electoral debates and citizen participation. To this end, the philosophical and political roots of democracy are addressed, exploring the role of information in promoting political participation. The global scenario of disinformation is examined, focusing on its implications for democratic processes and political reconfiguration through digital platforms. lt discusses disinformation in the national context, highlighting specific cases in the Brazilian political scenario. There is a massive dissemination of false information and news with the aim of manipulating public opinion, so that the content of the information often reflects the intention of provoking extreme emotions to promote distortions. It is concluded that the speeches that achieve the greatest adherence in this scenario are those that are intended to instrumentalize fear, electing common enemies to create a false idea of collective struggle, instigating feelings of belonging and protagonism. Finally, it is possible to conclude that combating the problem involves encouraging and promoting digital education for citizens, legally confronting abuses committed by political actors within the scope of digital platforms and, ultimately, by the platforms themselves, through the necessary understanding the role of Electoral Law in this context.