A importância da política nacional de resíduos sólidos na concretização do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado: avanços e desafios para sua implementação

Abstract

The topic of Urban Solid Waste (MSW) occupies a central position in environmental protection, covering household waste and urban cleaning activities. Inadequate management of this waste has harmful impacts on life on Earth, in addition to hindering the right to an ecologically balanced environment. The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) establishes principles, objectives, guidelines and instruments

for management. Establishes a hierarchy in waste management, prioritizing non- generation, followed by reduction, reuse, recycling and adequate disposal of waste.

Despite this, data from 2022 indicate an average daily production of 1,043 kg of MSW per Brazilian. Although there are advances in the numbers related to the collection of MSW, adequate disposal is still a challenge, with the predominance of landfills. The PNRS established deadlines for deactivating landfills, but many did not comply, citing high costs for installing landfills. The research highlights the environmental and public health consequences, such as CO2 emissions and river pollution, associated with inadequate disposal. The abundance of waste is linked to consumerism, worsening the scarcity of natural resources. Tackling this complex problem requires public and private efforts, as recommended by the Federal Constitution. The analysis of weaknesses in the Public Power's compliance with the PNRS proposes the use of legal instruments to improve MSW management. The research, both bibliographic and applied, seeks to provide a critical analysis and strategies for the effective implementation of the PNRS, highlighting the importance of environmental education in avoiding the generation and reduction of waste.