Regulação urbanística e ambiente construído: análise das transformações da ZEIS Pici a partir da flexibilização da legislação

Abstract

Among the various factors and agents that affect the configuration of the built environment, the norms and parameters of land use and occupation, established by the municipal public authorities, have become a strategy for the production process of urban space. It is through regulations, the rules defined to shape urban planning guidelines, that the State shapes what is formal and what is informal based on a desired city model. Consequently, this regulation becomes the target of disputes: on the one hand there is pressure to protect the standards exploited by the market and, on the other, the fight to combat contexts of precariousness and informality. To meet private interests, urban planning constantly uses the flexibility of regulations with the aim of maximizing the market appropriation of urban land, often with the discourse of guaranteeing collective interest. Meanwhile, flexibilities with the aim of proposing more inclusive regulations still face numerous obstacles to their implementation. This work is based on the relationship between norms and urban forms to investigate how and to what extent regulatory flexibility initiatives shape or influence territorial transformations towards the precariousness of the built environment. To this end, the research seeks to reveal, through a literature review and analysis of Fortaleza's urban legislation, the dominant rationalities behind decisions regarding the flexibility of regulations. At the same time, equipped with methodological procedures for analyzing morphological bias, the work documents the transformations of the built environment of the Special Zone for Urban and Socioeconomic Dynamization (ZEDUS) Antônio Bezerra and Perimetral Oeste, through databases from 1995, 2010 and 2016, and the Special Zone of Social Interest (ZEIS) of Pici, through the systematization of the transformations undergone by the facades, between 2011 and 2023. With this, we sought to understand the direct and indirect consequences of regulatory flexibility on the precariousness of the built environment and contribute to strengthening the role of special regulations in building fairer and more inclusive cities.