Uso do teste do degrau de 6 minutos para avaliação da capacidade de exercício em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Heart Failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by impairment, symptoms and signs that result from a structural or functional change in ventricular filling or blood ejection. Its characteristic symptoms are dyspnea and intolerance to physical exertion, which makes the use of Stress Tests (ET) essential as an integral part of the assessment. Objective: To analyze the use of the 6-minute step test (6MWD) to assess the exercise capacity of patients with HF. Methods: This is a systematic review presented in accordance with the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) checklist, in the period of August and September 2023, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, being I accept observational, cross-sectional studies or clinical trials that generally meet the study theme. The data search was in the electronic databases: Lilacs, MEDLINE, Pubmed and Pedro, the search strategy was used with the terms controlled in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS)/Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and use of the Boolean operator “AND”: (Heart Failures) AND (Exercise Test) AND (Physical functional performance) AND (physiotherapy). Results: 187 publications were found and, after the selection criteria, 4 studies were selected. Most articles found that the 6MWT showed a correlation with CPET peak VO2, 1 study demonstrated similar results for the 6MWT and 6MWT for assessing exercise capacity/functionality and only 1 article evaluated the reliability and validity of the 6MWT, presenting excellent results. intra-rater results (ICC = 0.9). None of the studies reported complications during the application of the 6MWT, demonstrating that it is a safe test. Conclusion: The 6MWD indicates that it is a possible alternative for a promising evaluative stress test due to its practical characteristic points of exercise capacity response, validation/reliability, applicability and cost in comparison with the 6MWT and the CPET, presenting it as a reliable, viable and safe for evaluation in patients with HF. However, studies are still needed to verify the validity of this test in these types of patients.