Fatores associados à mortalidade hospitalar por COVID-19 no estado da Paraíba durante o ano de 2021

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, after the identification of the circulation of a new type of coronavirus, apparently originating in China. The first confirmation of a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil occurred on February 26, 2020, in the state of São Paulo. Although already knowing that it was a virus with a high contagion and lethality rate, security measures began to be adopted only 1 month later, which contributed to the spread of the disease to different parts of the country. Brazil quickly reached high rates of registration of cases and deaths from the disease. In this scenario, this research aimed to identify the factors associated with hospital mortality from Covid-19 in the state of Paraíba during the year 2021. This is an observational and cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, which involved the analysis of information on patients infected with Covid-19 hospitalized in the state of Paraíba throughout the year 2021. The research was carried out by collecting data, retrospectively, from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), which gathers the information on patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) throughout Brazil, made available for public consultation on the OpenDataSUS platform of the Ministry of Health. In addition to the lethality rate, its respective 95% confidence interval was also determined. The results showed that the case and mortality rates in Paraíba were significant. From the universe of 14,782 cases of patients hospitalized for Covid-19 in Paraíba, throughout 2021 with records that provided all the necessary information, it was found that 5,310 evolved to death, representing a percentage of 35.92%. Of the analyzed variables, the indices were similar in most of them, with emphasis on the rates of some specific groups, such as patients aged over 60 years, with a lethality rate of 49.93%; who had 3 or more morbidities, in which the lethality rate was 53.09%; patients admitted to the ICU, with a fatality rate of 69.77%; and patients in need of invasive ventilatory support, in which the fatality rate was 84.82%. It was concluded that the main factors related to the death of patients hospitalized by Covid-19 in the state of Paraíba throughout the year 2021 were: old age, presence of some morbidity and, above all, the need for ICU admission and invasive ventilatory support. In addition, it was noticed that, although the most significant hospitalization rates were concentrated in the first five months of the year, the high lethality due to the disease extended throughout the year.