Afetos sociais e qualidade democrática no Brasil: uma proposta antidiscriminatória fundada no amor.

Abstract

In the context of the current global democratic crisis, disillusionment with the liberal model of democracy, determined by the perception of failures in guaranteeing material equality and protecting pluralism, eases the process of ascension of illiberal States and authoritarian leaders. In this process, the population identifies the causes of the economic, political, and social crisis within the political system, which weakens trust in it and, therefore, in the representative democracy. Making strategic rhetorical and emotional uses of this context, authoritarian leaders manipulate the social affects resulting from the democratic crisis, notably hate and fear. Therefore the present academic work, intends to describe this process, starting from a global panorama to the analysis of the Brazilian political reality in the years 2019 to 2022, period during which Jair Bolsonaro was president of the Republic of Brazil. In opposition to the fomentation of hate and fear, inherent to democratic crises, the work seeks to identify the role of political practices guided by love as a tool for improving democracy, especially in Brazil, in order to overcome the democratic deficit faced by the country. It also seeks to identify legal tools that can contribute to this proposal of reaching a qualitative democracy based on loving ethics. For this, it performs the presentation of data collected in the literature focused on the analysis of themes such as social affections, democratic crisis, and new conservative wave in Brazil, in addition to the literature occupied both with the interpretation of love as political affection, as well as with the Anti-Discrimination Law. At the same time, it also carries out an empirical survey to systematize formal and informal state acts that practiced exclusion and brought a risk to democracy in Brazil, based on data from the Emergency Agenda, a tool developed by the Center for the Analysis of Liberty and Authoritarianism (LAUT). From the analysis of the data, the work finds that the recurrence of discriminatory practices with political repercussions, influenced by the affections fostered institutionally in the analyzed period - with a prevalence of hate and fear -, materially excluded certain identities from the democratic decision-making processes in Brazil. This work also finds as a result that the promotion of a vision that is refractory to difference and prone to the exclusion of what is different has contributed to the deepening of discrimination that permeates Brazilian society, which has had repercussions on the democratic quality, causing a deficit. The work concludes with the presentation of a proposal aimed at improving democracy, which understands

that love, conceived as a political affection, has the role of contrasting with such negative emotions, mainly in the sense of overcoming not only the scenario of discrimination and exclusion, but also, and consequently, the democratic deficit experienced in the analyzed period. Regarding the search for legal tools that corroborate the proposed proposal, it concludes that Anti-Discrimination Law is one of the possible tools to face the challenge presented, so that, in the end, it was responsible for identifying and analyzing aspects of systematization of this branch of Law.