Caracterizando a relação entre as demandas do transporte por aplicativo e do transporte público: uma análise exploratória em Fortaleza

Abstract

The emerging growth of the new travel service, ridesourcing, in several cities around the world has generated an immediate impact on the transportation system, i.e., changed the way people travel and motivated studies in this regard. In this context, considering the current scenario in large cities, in the last years, of declining of public transportation demand, ridesourcing may be one of the factors contributing to this scenario. This research proposes to use data from the 2019 Household Travel Survey of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, provided by the Municipality of Fortaleza, as a way to help understand this new demand of ridesourcing in Fortaleza and its relationship to the transit demand. The method is divided into three macro stages: firstly, aiming to understand how the demand for ridesourcing is composed, a descriptive analysis of the ridesourcing users was performed, in which the users’ profiles were characterized based on income, location of residence, age, education level and gender; secondly, in an attempt to characterize the trips made by ridesourcing, a descriptive analysis of the trips was performed, looking into the purpose, distance and time of the trips; and finally, in order to explore whether the ridesourcing system complements or competes with the public bus syestem, an exploratory spatial analysis was performed by comparinge the spatial travel behavior and the job accessibility of the ridesourcing mode with the bus mode, at different periods of day. As a result, it was found that users of ridesourcing are mostly young, between 20 and 39 years old, belonging to the female gender, residing in privileged areas of the city, with high income and education level. As for the trips, their main purposes seems to be for work, their distances usually lies within 0 to 4km, and they usually occur during the morning period. The spatial analysis showed that during the night period the bus ridership is reduced, while the use of ridesourcing is well distributed throughout the zones. Furthermore, it was found that ridesourcing allows a higher accessibility for users when compared to the public bus mode, and it probably competes with the bus mode in the central area of the city and complements it in some peripherical zones.