Dos sistemas ambientais á geoecologia das paisagens: florestas e campos ferruginosos em Carajás, PA

Abstract

The Carajás National Forest (FLONA) and the Campos Ferruginosos National Park (PARNA) are federal conservation units, the first being for sustainable use and the second for full use, which are located in southeast of Pará, in the Carajás region. In both, the residual forest massifs are generally well preserved, with a high degree of specialization and a rich speleological heritage. With the predominance of forest formations and open formations, three environmental systems make up these units: Forest systems, fluvial systems and ferruginous systems, which are marked by unique landscapes and environmental heterogeneity. Because it is an environment that harbors unique environmental attributes, which places them it on the level of importance for its mineral resources, activities that has developed has been causing progressive transformations in the landscape, which demands extensive efforts of environmental conservation. In this way, the aim of this work is to establish the geoecological synthesis in order to list the importance of environments systems of the Flona de Carajás and the Parna the Campos Ferruginosos. The research is based on the methodological contributions of the environmental planning, based on a geoecological conception. To sum up, it will be used as basis the phases of environmental planning proposed by Rodriguez and Silva (2018) with the following investigation phases: organization and inventory, analyses, diagnosis and prognosis. Remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques were used to obtain cartographic materials. As a result of the analysis, 5 geoecological units were delimited: Poorly and slopes with dense ombrophylous forest, Poorly and slopes with open ombrophylous forest, Plateau with shrubby Rupestrian Fields, Plateau with herbaceous rupestrian field and Itacaiúnas/Parauapebas river plain. The delimitation and characterization of these units allowed us to understand the particular functions that ensure the structure and functioning of the landscape, and also elaborate an integrated environmental diagnosis in which through it can be seen as depending on the forms of use and occupation of the soil, some units have been impacted, which demands actions that lead to the management and territory plannig. Finally, the study makes up an initial contribution to the area, which should be expanded and deepened. The study that was based on the geoecology of landscapes presents new perspectives for Carajás, thus being able to subsidize future studies.