Violência política de gênero vivenciada por mulheres candidatas e eleitas: necessidade da implementação de um combate jurídico efetivo

Abstract

Gender political violence is an evil that attacks women in the contemporary context of Brazil, but mainly affects those who are candidates and elected. Due to this scenario, it is important to examine its manifestation, the motivation for why it occurs, its damage and possible ways of combating it. For this, the conceptualization of this phenomenon is studied and how it has in its roots the social role historically created for women. In addition, possible classifications of these behaviors are pointed out, alongside with the motivation behind these actions and how they are harmful to democracy. Then, the ways in which women are victimized by these aggressions after being elected are verified, when concrete cases are presented that demonstrate how this dynamic occurs in practice - at the hands of multiple aggressors -, in addition to demonstrating how these situations were faced by the institutions. Subsequently, the female underrepresentation in political power is presented, with the presentation of factors that contribute to it, including political parties as actors that help in the perpetuation of this scenario, and how this panorama is a political violence of gender in itself. Finally, the recent normative device approved on this subject in Brazil is analyzed and, given the insufficient action that occurs to combat these aggressions, possible initiatives are explored to undermine this phenomenon that is so harmful to society, enunciating, including, legislative initiatives of other countries. In order to carry out this research, a qualitative study, of a bibliographical and documental nature, with descriptive analysis, is used, with the use of the results classified as pure. As a result, it is understood that the social role created for women has historically excluded them from the political arena and means that even today there are obstacles to the entry and permanence of the female gender in political power. In this way, these citizens, as candidates and elected officials, face a series of different forms of violence from different aggressors who seek to show that they do not belong in that space, which demonstrates the importance of effective legislation and public policies that work to eliminate gender political violence. It is also concluded that the current legislation on the problem is insufficient, in addition to the fact that these devices must be more forceful and, therefore, require the effort of all institutions so that there is an effective legal fight against the phenomenon object of this work.