Evasão no ensino superior: análises para a FEAAC - UFC

Abstract

The objective of this work is to diagnose and infer the evasion rate in FEAAC courses given the observation of a high number of evaders and the high variability of academic performance of the students (measured by the grade of ENEM) who enter this unit, especially when we look at the cutting grades of the broad competition and quota holders, which may signal that there is a diversity of educational performance and that by this profile of students, the high rate of retention and evasion can be explained. However, since data on evasion for the FEAAC are quite scarce and little portrayed in the local literature, it is interesting to first look at the size and evolution of the problem so that an effective policy design can later be constructed to mitigate evasion at this center. The impossibility of calculating the total annual loss (accounting and opportunity) that the university incurs, in terms of the high cost of the number of FEAAC enrollments that are not subject to return or replacement, and the reasonable success rate of the courses, which is not what is desired, this work is justified in exploring the dynamics of evasion over the past few years and trying to measure this cost. To infer the system's evasion rate at FEAAC, the mathematical model proposed by Serpa e Pinto (2001), a model built to operate on annual variables that are available in the Higher Education Census, made available by INEP/MEC, was used. The results showed that evasion at the FEAAC, on average, presents a relatively high rate (9.5%) when compared to the results seen in high prestige courses (3.7%), but when looking at individual courses, one sees a discrepancy in the problem between them. While the finance course has a dropout rate of more than 20%, the administration course has a rate of approximately 6% that can be compared to that found in the dental course, one of the high prestige courses. In this sense, it is sustainable that policies aimed at mitigating the problem should prioritize, evaluate and monitor those FEAAC courses that have the highest rates of evasion, given a possible lack of control and increase in the evasion rates that may occur in the coming years if no initiatives are taken that could hinder the advance of this rate. When the average annual cost per student was taken into account, it was possible to get an idea of the average annual cost of evasion at the FEAAC, which was approximately $ 8.8 million, while when compared to high prestige courses, the figure reached $3.4 million. In other words, the FEAAC has a high dropout rate and, on average, has a high student dropout rate.