Impactos da distribuição do fundo constitucional de financiamento do Nordeste nos municípios cearenses entre 1997 e 2019

Abstract

The present study highlights the use effect of the Constitutional Fund for Financing in the Northeast (FNE) has over the economic development of Ceará State municipalities, where the program has the duty, by law, to direct at least half of the total annual funds raised. In order to find this goal, the FNE's performance in the semi-arid region of Ceará between 1997 and 2019 was analyzed, measuring the evolution of resources directed to each municipality in this region annually, the relative participation of each municipality in the amount raised by the state of Ceará and the impacts of the FNE on the GDP of Ceará State municipalities between 1999 and 2018. The study used data collected from BNB and IBGE. There were estimated the participation of the FNE in each municipality relatively to the amount captured by the State. The methodologies used consisted of the estimation of the respective averages and variation coefficients (CV). The CVs were used as instruments to measure the homogeneities / heterogeneities of the FNE participation of the municipalities. The relationship between GDP as a dependent variable and FNE as an independent variable was captured through simple linear regression. The results found showed a great discrepancy in the funding of FNE resources in the State. It showed that there is a concentration in its most developed areas, which are the metropolitan regions and the Cariri region. There was also a high degree of heterogeneity between municipalities, which causes uncertainties about planning for the use of this form of financing as an instrument to promote development. The evidences found, as expected, showed a strong positive relationship between the GDP and the FNE of the municipalities in the period studied.