Medidas preventivas para síndrome metabólica no cenário da enfermagem: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is characterized as a group of metabolic alterations that increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with type II diabetes mellitus (DM2), increased plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration. and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In the last two decades, the prevalence of MS has been increasing in all regions of the world, becoming a public health problem directly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. The objective of this research was to investigate which preventive measures for metabolic syndrome were used in the last 10 years by nursing professionals. This is an integrative literature review. The collection of articles to compose this review took place between the months of May and June 2022, the databases used were LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL AND SCOPUS, the inclusion criteria were: answer the guiding question, it is available for free, target audience of research >18 years with MetS or metabolic risks, publication of the last 10 years (May 2012 and May 2022). The descriptors used were: cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome X, primary prevention, health promotion, disease prevention; nursing, role of the nursing professional, nursing care and outcome assessment in health care. At the end of the collection, 21 international studies were obtained from the databases, with a quantitative and qualitative character. The main aspects observed were the relationship between MS and mental health and the use of technology associated with MS therapy. The most frequently researched variables associated with MS were: age, sex and metabolic alterations. The main interventions used by nurses to prevent MS were based on online and face-to-face health education, metabolic monitoring, diet and exercise prescription, goal setting by professionals and patients themselves, and self-management of diet and activity, physical. The actions that obtained the best results were based on the self-management of the disease by the patient and the health professional, serving as support and solving doubts. It is concluded that evidence- based nursing practice is necessary in order to support nursing care and performance, in addition to enabling a better quality of life for patients, promoting holistic, individualized and humanized practices.