Ecofeminismo(s): uma sistematização das lideranças populares no Ceará

Abstract

Amidst the emergence of debates about the environmental crisis in the 1970s, several social movements were born, such as the feminist movement. Marked by a series of social injustices concerning women of various individualities, they rose up in search of the agendas they defended. Among these, ecofeminism had its origin in uniting the fight against the oppression of women with the fight against the degradation of nature. Thus, in Brazil, the conflicts of traditional peoples, especially with the mobilization of women, have been remarkable in the conquest of socio-environmental rights, as in the case of the Marcha das Margaridas. Based on this, the objective of this work is to identify and systematize the ecofeminist thought in Ceará through popular leaderships from the period of 1970 to the present, as well as to point out their main struggle flags, identifying different perceptions about feminism, sustainability and gender roles in varied contexts. For this, a documental research was carried out with the bibliographical survey about ecofeminism, followed by the search of the main socioenvironmental conflicts in Ceará, using as basis the "Dossier Denunciation- Socioenvironmental Conflicts and Violation of Rights: Impacts of Large Economic Projects on Traditional Communities and Struggles in Defense of Territorial Rights in the State of Ceará. "coordinated by professors Raquel Maria Rigotto and Antonio Jeovah Andrade Meireles, and selecting seven conflicts from the ten addressed in the document, by proximity to the theme and including the struggles for agrarian reform. Finally, based on contacts with leaders of popular movements and associations, female leaders of each territory were indicated, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Finally, it was possible to conclude that Ceará has a potential for transformation, regarding the socio-environmental struggle and the emergence of eco-feminist leaders. Most of the leaders present traces of radical ecofeminism. On the other hand, the presence of the Landless Workers' Movement presents the most striking socialist ecofeminist tendency. Moreover, in other experiences researched feminism itself is more present than ecofeminism, although both present aspects of ecofeminist theory.