Contribuições da aerofotogrametria por aeronaves remotamente pilotadas para fins de projetos rodoviários

Abstract

Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) have been increasingly used as platforms for aerial photogrammetry. Its ease of operation, although restricted by Brazilian regulations, combined with the ability to generate products of good cartographic quality are factors that explain this popularization in numerous areas of knowledge, including road projects. There is little academic production both on the evaluation of geometric structures of single-line corridor collection, and on the evaluation of generated products, associated with the direct georeferencing (GD) of the photos by post-processed correction (PPK). The present study aims to detail the general use of ARP to obtain geospatial information and evaluate the GD-PPK, in coverage of linear elements of infrastructure, investigating whether the resulting products are compatible with Brazilian standards, to be used in executive projects of highways. . In order to achieve the proposed objectives, an aero photogrammetric coverage of a road stretch of about 6.3 km was carried out, by two contiguous flights, with corridor geometry, containing 3 lanes each. Ground marks were painted to serve as checkpoints and checkpoints. The collected photos were rearranged into 24 analysis groups (obtained from the combination of 6 types of collection geometries, with 4 types of photogrammetric process control), a Monte Carlo sequence was implemented to obtain 100 samples per group — making it possible to evaluate the possibilities of the groups to generate data biased by the presence of systematic errors (planimetric and/or altimetric trends), through the implementation of binomial logistic regressions. The results demonstrate that the safest and most accurate methodology for generating trend-free products is the implementation of control points along the stretch, without the use of GD-PPK. As for meeting the positional quality requirements imposed by the DNIT, all the evaluated groups generated compatible samples, and the groups that contained the photos of the central line had few samples consistent with the quality requirements. From the GNSS-RTK profiling of about 2 km of the stretch, a Numerical Model of the Terrain (NMT) was generated, allowing its comparison to twelve products generated by the types of geometry and control of the aero photogrammetric process coinciding with the coverage area. GNSS-RTK. The comparisons show that the aero photogrammetric products are much more accurate than the one obtained by the GNSS-RTK coverage, being able to describe the terrain in a more detailed way.