Avaliação de equidade ambiental na constituição de unidades de conservação: análise do caso Parque das Carnaúbas no município de Granja-CE

Abstract

It presents the results of research whose basic purpose was to evaluate, under the worldview of environmental equity, the criteria applied in the constitution of the State Park of Carnaúbas, State Conservation Unit (UC) of integral protection, created through State Decree nº 28.154, of February 15, 2006 (published in the DOE on February 21, 2006), with a total area of 13,862.6 ha, covering territories of the Municipalities of Viçosa of Ceará and Granja-CE. From a systemic approach (BERTALANFFY, 1976) we examined the complex relationship of geo-elements and interacting human actions in that territory. In order to do so, the topics covered were divided, from the identity relationship of the peoples occupying the territory to a legal analysis of judicial and administrative processes related to the preparation of the polygon of the UC, as well as expropriations of the areas. The analysis developed in the face of the categories studied, such as environmental zoning, came to the light of the concept of "Environmental Justice", which, according to Acselrad, consists of "fair treatment and full involvement of all social groups, regardless of their origin or income, in decisions about access, occupation and use of natural resources in their territories "(ACSELRAD, 2009). Social and environmental conflicts related to the creation of the State Park of Carnaúbas were identified, as well as, from the current environmental and socioeconomic conditions of the studied area, the alternative of flexibility to the principle of the fence to retreat was problematized in order to change the nature of the studied UC for sustainable use and elaborate a proposal of sustainable management for that Conservation Unit, using alternative, pro-environment, to adapt the proposal of the State Park of Carnaúbas to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC), making its environmental patrimony compatible and its habitat, habitation, and employment income of the social groups traditionally occupying that region, confronting "the modern myth of untouched nature" (DIEGUES, 2001), questioning the model of "conservationism" inherited from industrialized countries and, similarly, denouncing the signs of an "industrial of indemnities "for the constitution of conservation units of integral protection.