Geração eólica offshore no Brasil: um panorama das principais experiências regulatórias nacionais e internacionais aplicáveis

Abstract

The need to face climate change required international cooperation at global level boosted the idea of sustainable development. In this sense, an offshore wind energy generation represents an alternative source of non-polluting and renewable energy with immense potential, because generates electricity without the use of fossil fuels. This generation type has grown in many countries, especially in Europe, where there are more than 34 GW of installed power, due to several factors. In the national scenario, although there is still no such project in operation or construction, several studies indicate that Brazil has a potential of at least 330.5 GW. The lack of specific regulation for the development of this type of enterprise is one of the main factors that make its existence in the national territory unfeasible so far. Given this scenario, this paper presents an overview of regulatory experiences in Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom on marine spatial planning and offshore wind power generation. A study was also carried out on the Brazilian regulatory experiences in onshore wind power generation and offshore oil and gas extraction, as well as a brief analysis on the energy auctions currently held in Brazil and on the draft law in the National Congress that aims to promote the development of offshore electricity generation. In due course, this work presents a project of this type of enterprise whose entrepreneur delivered the environmental impact studies to IBAMA with a view to obtaining environmental licensing. Finally, the study concludes on the possibility of taking advantage of the current legislation to supply some legal demands for the development of the offshore wind energy generation project, but it recognizes that some gaps limit such development. Keywords: Offshore wind energy. Marine Space Planning. Regulatory framework