Aracnofauna do Parque Parreão I, Fortaleza/CE: características, sazonalidade e educação ambiental

Abstract

Arachnids play an ecological, sanitary and socio-environmental role in the fauna of urban parks. In Ceará, its number of species is underestimated as it represents about 6% of the national wealth of the group. The objective of this work was to identify the biodiversity of arachnids in Parreão I Park, associate it with environmental and anthropic conditions, and build an exhibition collection with an illustrated-guide-script of this fauna. Parreão I Park covers 7 acres, with a fragment of riparian forest that protects the Parreão Stream. A stretch was delimited on each bank, where photographs and monthly and daytime gathers were taken throughout the year 2021. For capture, active search and installation of pitfall traps were used. After transferring the samples to the Lab. of Medical Entomology at UFC, the identification out to the lowest possible taxonomic level and the preservation of specimens wet and dry were performed for writing the guide-script and for data analysis. 914 individuals were collected, distributed in the Araneae (863), Acari (48), Opiliones (2) and Pseudoscorpiones (1). 21 families and 8 guilds of spiders were identified, and the orb web spiders were more abundant than the irregular web spiders, in favor of the active gather method in vegetation. Was observed: 1) a positive relationship between the abundance of Lycosidae and Tetragnathidae with the rain and between Theridiidae and the diversity of spider guilds with the temperature of the air; 2) the reduction of herbaceous vegetation and litter can affect spiders; 3) Escadabiidae indicates environmental quality; 4) the abundance of a new species of the mite Glyptholasps F & P, 1960 points to a change in soil type. Therefore, measures are proposed to mitigate the anthropic impact and the proliferation of Latrodectus geometricus C. L. Koch, 1841 in the area. This study contributes to the inventory of Ceará's arachnofauna, to the management plan and to actions in environmental education in the park.