Aplicação da aquaponia no nordeste brasileiro, uma revisão

Abstract

Among the main social and environmental problems faced by the world today, one can speak of three that are directly interconnected, namely the availability of water, along with hunger and population growth. In Brazil, the Northeast region stands out for having the second largest population in the country which, due to the region's climate, predominantly semi-arid, suffers from serious droughts. In addition, about 40% of the region's population suffers from food insecurity. In this scenario, aquaponics presents itself as one of the possible solutions that the agricultural sector has to minimize and/or remedy the social damage caused by these problems. Aquaponics is a sustainable food production technology, with low water consumption, which combines aquaculture with hydroponics. With that, the objective of the work was to review the studies with aquaponics in Brazil and in the world, in order to interconnect the information of this technology with the current socio-environmental problems, and also to investigate if it is a low-impact alternative capable of guaranteeing safety. water and food supply for family farming in the Brazilian Northeast, as well as identifying future perspectives of the present work in this region. The research was done through the analysis of national and international works, where syntheses and discussions on the subject were made. Round fish and Nile Tilapia, which are currently the main species cultivated by Brazilian fish farming, can also be produced using aquaponics in the semiarid region. The main plants produced in the Brazilian Northeast that can be grown in an aquaponic system are: lettuce, coriander, chives and cabbage, and leafy vegetables are better suited to the UVI system (University of the Virgin Island), which is the most viable for the region due to its minimal use of water and the possibility of growing a greater variety of plants in the system. Extension work in associations is presented as the best form of application, which can be an easier and more economical way, in addition to reaching a greater number of people and facilitating the work of technicians. Given the above, it is possible to say that aquaponics is a good option for food production in Northeast Brazil.