Vidas que podem ser salvas por meio de nudges: uma análise sob o viés da economia comportamental

Abstract

The present work aims to investigate the positive effects that good choice architecture can have on organ donation rates, through better alternatives so that more lives can be saved. For this purpose, initially, a contextualization is presented about how organ donation works in Brazil and, then, the research seeks to analyze human behavior about the theme in the light of Behavioral Economics, as well as highlighting some public policies that can alleviate organ donors shortages. For the empirical research, of a quantitative and transversal nature, primary data were extracted through a questionnaire carried out via Google forms regarding the opinion and knowledge of the population about organ donation and, thus, the questions were analyzed individually. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the interpretation of qualitative variables was performed using the chi-square test, using the Jamovi software, at a significance level of 5%. The study carried out by Eric Johnson and Dan Goldstein (2003) was used as a basis, whose main aim is to identify the extent to which the standard option is relevant in terms of organ donation rates. The results obtained in the empirical research are in line with the literature review, which predicts a strong influence of inertia, the default option, and external factors present in the environment of choice in human decisions. As an example, when asked about the intention to donate, 89% of the participants reported being interested, but only 40% converted this desire into some concrete action. In addition, it was observed in one of the analyzes that religion can influence the final decision of the family when it needs to be taken post-mourning, in this situation, Catholics and Evangelicals were more resistant to organ donation. It is intended, therefore, that the data from this study can be used to promote the discussion about the importance of organ donation, as well as serve as a basis for the elaboration of public policies, that these are developed based on the particularities of individuals and, thus, formulate choices in a way that favors organ donation in the country.