Tecnologias de geração distribuída utilizando biogás da rota de resíduos orgânicos: aspectos normativos e modelagem

Abstract

In the last decades, the demand for energy has been increasing exponentially and, in view of this scenario, pressure on the energy matrix has intensified with regard to its diversification. In view of this, the need for state regulation is evident in order for new forms of generation technologies to have a robust growth. In addition to energy as a global demand, the concern with the destination of generated waste has also become a relevant issue for analysis, presenting as a final destination option the use of this waste for the generation of biogas, this being a promising alternative in the energetic scope. Thus, this research is carried out based on information about the norms of distributed generation in Brazil and their revisions, in order to also investigate the technologies that can use the biogas generated from the treatment of organic waste. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the legal framework in relation to distributed energy generation, in view of technical, conceptual and process improvements, as well as providing an overview of the use of biogas in energy generation systems and their evolution in terms of normative. It is also essential to survey the main technologies used in distributed energy generation and their adaptation - if necessary - to the use of biogas, as well as to analyze, from the perspective of thermodynamic modeling, the efficiency of internal combustion engines, gas microturbines and combined cycle systems for power generation. Then, a bibliographic review of the subjects cited is carried out. Given this, it appears that the Brazilian regulatory framework has become robust and accompanies the growth of the generation sector in the country, despite possible contradictions in the face of public opinion. In addition, the regulated use of biogas from the organic waste route can be seen in continuous and positive growth. Furthermore, with the support of data and thermodynamic modeling, it is possible to obtain an improvement in the efficiency of machines and cycles that are adapted to work with biogas, and of machines that already work with gaseous fuels and are associated to increase thermal efficiency and electrical system.