Caracterização de cânions urbanos e seus efeitos climáticos em área com intenso processo de verticalização na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará

Abstract

The city of Fortaleza undergoes a process of verticalization, especially in areas of high economic standard. Investigations on the impact of a certain aspect of urban design on microclimatic conditions in the surroundings of buildings are growing every day, making it necessary to verify in a more detailed way the different intra-urban spaces so that it is possible to identify the causes of the differences of the climate in the city. Thus the main objective of the study was to characterize a formation of urban canons in an area with intense verticalization process, also evaluating the impact of this process on the temperature, speed and wind direction of the area. The studied area has a size of 0.7 km2 It is located in the Meireles (city of Fortaleza). The H / W ratio of the neighborhood blocks was calculated and the climatic parameters were collected at four points chosen for the study. The studied area was characterized to contain urban canyons and the type of canyon with the highest occurrence was the regular canyon with 73.50%, followed by the deep canyon with 21.56% and avenue of canyons with 5.0%. The canyons influence the direction and velocity of the winds and their disposition is also a governing factor. The influence of canyons on the temperature of the study area was more prominent in the morning than in the afternoon. The study reveals that factors such as the disposition of canyons, compared to the prevailing wind direction in the region, as well as the shading promoted by the canyons, are governing factors in the climatic parameters investigated.