Proposição de metodologia para o traçado de rotas de fuga em caso de falha em barragem

Abstract

Dams are structures that provide many benefits to the population. Despite this, due to the high volume of accumulated material, an emergency situation involving them may cause a disaster with immeasurable losses in the downstream valleys. For this reason, the brazilian law N° 12.334/2010, which established The National Dams Safety Policy, proposes the elaboration of The Dam Safety Plan (PSB), which must contain, among other things, The Emergency Action Plan (EAP) which describes the actions to be taken in the event of an emergency and, together with the Emergency Plan (PLANCON), determine the safe areas and routes to be covered for the correct evacuation of the population. Thereby, there is a need to propose a method that describes route ande safe areas choice, so as decisions can be elaborated from non subjective action, reducing error. First, existing regional vulnerability studies were considered in order to select the parameters compatible to this analysis, determining the steps to check the most vulnerable places in case of emergency, the self-rescue zone and the number of people to be evacuated. By analyzing those safe areas, it was possible to delimit the shelters and to calculate the respective capabilities. Knowing the evacuation origin point and the destination, were plotted escape routes in a geometric way, considering the shorter route, the calculation of the process duration and the number of people affected. Being an experiment, this process took place in a simplified way, taking into account the geometric characteristics of the region, presenting practical limitations. Finally, it was determined those routes that would be able to evacuate in time, what solutions could be applied in regions that have not indicated viable roadmaps and what tips could be increased to improve pattern fit.