Desastre ambiental causado por derramamento de petróleo no litoral do Ceará: um estudo sobre o ambiente, a saúde e o trabalho de pescadores e pescadoras artesanais

Abstract

In August 2019, the country's largest environmental disaster occurred on the Brazilian coast, caused by an oil spill with approximately 5,000 tons of oily residues, affecting 4,000 km of coastline, 1,009 beaches in 11 Brazilian states and 55 conservation units. The socioeconomic, environmental and health effects caused by the spill of crude oil/crude oil on the coast of Ceará, in Northeast Brazil, were investigated. This is a mixed study, carried out with fishermen and fisherwomen from the estuary/mouth of the Jaguaribe River, Ceará, which used as data collection techniques, the focus group (FG) to obtain the qualitative material and the application of a form for quantitative information. The FG took place in November 2019 with the participation of nine shellfish gatherers and was processed using the IRAMUTEQ software. The forms were applied to 89 fisherwomen and artisanal fishermen (PPA) between June and August 2020, who were selected from a non-probabilistic sampling of the intentional type by judgment, being processed with the support of the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS). With support from the FG, it was observed that the participation of shellfish gatherers in the discussion environments was treated as fundamental to design surveillance strategies, contain and prevent damage from emergencies/disasters and develop more participatory surveillance practices, in dialogue with communities in a close Society-Nature relationship. Furthermore, the completed instruments indicate that PPAs are populations potentially exposed to crude oil because they present different health symptoms after direct contact, various psychological effects, as well as having their environment contaminated and their income affected. It is understood, therefore, that the living conditions of these populations were worsened, especially for women artisanal fishers (MPA). Thus, it is necessary that sellfisherwomen and fishermen are followed and monitored in relation to the emergence of chronic effects of exposure to oil, in addition to being assisted in their rights, for example, through the guarantee of emergency assistance.