Avaliação de comunidades terapêuticas no Estado do Ceará em interface como Sistema Nacional de Políticas Públicas Sobre Drogas-SISNAD: uma abordagem para dependência química

Abstract

This work deals with the approach to the treatment of drug addictions and is aimed to evaluate the model of treatment implemented at the Rehabilitation Communities in the State of Ceará, in the framework of the National System of Public Policies – SISNAD, focusing on the analysis of this model in the light of the country´s regulatory framework in effect. The authors discuss the addiction to chemical substances, especially the theoretical content of De León. A quantitative and qualitative approach was applied to the study of three Rehab Communities working in partnership with the Secretary of Health of the State of Ceará through a social subsidy. Data were collected from 53 participants, including both working professionals and beneficiaries, by means of semi-structured interviews with open and closed questions, and deep interviews with six beneficiaries of the program. The quantitative data were submitted to a descriptive and saturation treatment, using an absolute and relative frequency, a simple table and indicators. The qualitative data were analyzed by the discursive analysis technique. We found that there was a change in the perception of the drug user and that only after such change occurs, i.e. when they are seen as patients and not as outlaws, the need for the public authorities to take care of them was put in place. We consider that although this policy is undoubtedly a legitimate model of treatment, on the other hand it is far from being considered a right to healthcare as provided by the Federal Constitution. We have concluded as well that drug addiction can be found in every social class and that such addiction starts with the use of licit drugs or marijuana, even though the very existence of such addiction is only acknowledged by most people when the addict begins to use crack. Furthermore, this model of treatment, in the eyes of both the professionals and drug addicts, meets their needs due to the fact that it is a self-help model and one that offers a community experience. This study showed that even in the absence of a public intervention the Community Rehab centers understand their goals and mission, thus getting close to the standard model.