Doenças do aparelho respiratório em Caucaia/CE: repercussões do clima e das condições socioambientais na saúde pública do município

Abstract

Research on diseases of the respiratory tract (DAR) in Caucaia-CE and how climate and socio-environmental conditions can affect the health situation of this category of diseases. The objective was to analyze the relationships between these factors, in view of the fact that the DAR are one of the main causes of hospitalizations and deaths in the municipality. It is an ecological study with exploratory analyses, structured in five stages: the bibliographic review on epidemiology, geography, climate and health; the collection of socio-economic data by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, climatic by the Pici Meteorological Station at the Federal University of Ceará, and epidemiological in the department of the Unified Health System and Municipal Health Department; applications of statistical and spatial analysis techniques, Pearson Correlation and Simple Regression for the association of morbimortality and climatic factors, spatial distribution of deaths; the preparation of results, followed by analyses for discussion of these results. The socio-economic characterization found inequality in the territorial distribution of basic services such as garbage collection, sanitary exhaustion and water supply, presenting better coverage in the urbanized areas of the districts of Caucaia and Jurema. According to the variables income was highlighted the concentration of the same in these districts, as well as the best situation of literacy by those responsible for the domicile. As for the health situation by DAR, the age groups of children and elderly and, as for sex, men were identified as vulnerable groups to morbidity. In relation to the analyses between climatic variables and morbimortality it was noted a seasonality of respiratory diseases, given the highest incidences in summer and autumn, with high numbers during the rainy season. Statistical correlations were significant with morbidity in 2009 to 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2017 for temperatures, precipitation and relative humidity, and with mortality in 2009, 2012, 2013 and 2017 for mean and maximum temperatures, precipitation and humidity. The spatial analysis of deaths revealed that the northern districts of the municipality had higher records, mainly Caucaia and Jurema, resident districts of 97% of the victims, who identified the risk group of elderly people as age, 71 to 100 years, and women as sex. Since 2016 there has been an increasing increase in DAR mortality in Caucaia, especially within the municipality. The census sectors with a high mortality rate had as their main socio-environmental characteristics of households with water supply by general network and well, destination of garbage collected and burned on the property, sanitary exhaustion by rudimentary pit and general sewage network, people over 10 years of age literate, and as for income without monthly income, and at least 2 minimum wages. The research can then emphasize the need for reflection on territorial and environmental inequalities, in order to promote debates the academic, governmental and population community that aim to effect actions for building an egalitarian city on all axes.