Comportamento de variedades de feijão de vagem em relação ao acúmulo de graus dia em Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

Bean culture is of great socioeconomic importance in many countries, such as Brazil. The production of bean pods in the country is a promising opportunity for producers, being an alternative income. The objective of the work was to characterize and to produce the productive potential of beans for pods in varieties of species (Vigna unguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris) by means of the thermal requirement, pods growth curve, morpho-agronomic characters and and the quality of marketable pods for a selection of parents with productive potential. The experiment was developed at the Federal University of Ceará, using 5 varieties of beans of different nationalities, Brazil and Panama. Use the degree-day method and pod growth curve to monitor productive development. Eighteen morpho-agronomic characters were collected. An individual variance analysis was performed using the quantitative descriptors, to compare the averages between the varieties, using the Tukey method at a significance level of 5% probability. The genetic dissimilarity was estimated with the use of the average Euclidean distance, where, from the genetic distance matrices, the grouping of varieties was performed by the UPGMA method. It was noted a variation in the growth rate of the pods of the different varieties throughout the fruiting stage. Some varieties have morpho-agronomic characteristics of commercial interest. There was the formation of three groups in relation to genetic dissimilarity. Some varieties produce commercial pods with moisture levels below average, which may be of higher quality and less perishable. The use of different methodologies by the producer and professional in the agrarian area throughout the entire production chain, from the planning of the harvest, to the analysis of the shelf life of the product is essential to reduce production costs, better destination of the final product and maximizing production.