Dilemas éticos vivenciados durante as práticas clínicas nos cursos de odontologia: revisão de literatura

Abstract

During graduation in dentistry, the training of procedures is one of the main moments of learning, being part of the daily work of the team of dental clinics-schools. Certainly, clinical care in these spaces has a work routine and rules aimed at students, teachers and patients. However, these activities are not immune to having their order disturbed in the face of ethical dilemmas that, even if they can be predicted, require debates in the context of dentistry training. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the ethical dilemmas that permeate the clinical practices of dentistry courses. A literature search was carried out in the databeses BVS, PubMed and Google Academic, and after applying the inclusion criteria and full reading, were found fourteen publications related to the theme between the years 2003 and 2019. Reports from students, tutors and patients resulted in the identification of ten ethical dilemmas of clinical teaching practices and institutional limitations, such as, transparency of information, patient consente, communication, dehumanization, strict curricular demands, cultural conflicts and prejudices. Some of these questions about ethics are only minimally covered by undergraduate curricula and expose the vulnerability of patients and generate stress for students. We conclude that consulting the parties involved in clinical care at universities on how they find out and act on critical issues of daily life in this activity is relevant in guiding educators and students to provide a learning environment beneficial to the exercise of ethical behavior