Transtorno mental e o risco de suicídio em usuários de substâncias psicoativas

Abstract

The abusive consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA) is considered a serious problem of public health, which affects the different dimensions of users' lives and their social context, decisively influencing the health and mental illness process. There are few studies Brazilians who have a direct relationship between the abusive use of SPA and the behavior suicide, situations that require actions to promote mental health and prevent suicide in that audience. Thus, the objective was to analyze the presence of mental disorder common, major depressive episode and risk of suicide in users of psychoactive substances assisted in mental health services in the municipalities of the 11th Region of health in the state of Ceará. This is a descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional design, carried out with 497 users monitored as a result of the abusive use of SPA, in services of mental health in the 11th Health Region of the state of Ceará. Data collection occurred during the months from January to July 2019, through semi-structured interviews, using the Sociodemographic, clinical, economic and consumption pattern form, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, Questionnaire scale on patient health or for assessing depression and the Suicide Risk Index - IRIS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential, using software R, version 3.4.2, in which the Chi-square test of independence and prevalence ratio as a measure of the magnitude of the effect.The study was guided by Resolution No. 466, of December 12, 2012, with approval by the Committee of Ethics and Research of the State University Vale do Acaraú, n ° 2,739,560. The majority of users were male (79.9%), aged 20 to 49 years (73.0%), mixed race (66.4%), with religion (71.4%), elementary education (50.3%), without occupation (57.8%), without partner (69.4%), with children (63.8%), living in their own home (62.0%) with 1 to 3 residents per household (52.7%). In addition, users with disorders mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of multiple drugs (73.4%), with most reported first-use alcohol (61.6%), most used (87.7%) and SPA problem (43.3%). As for the presence of common mental disorder, 78.1% had a screening positive, in addition, 72% manifested major depressive episode and 8.7%, risk of suicide reduced, 40.2% intermediate and 51.1% high, in which the common mental disorder obtained statistically significant association with suicide risk. Therefore, this study made it possible to identify the profile of SPA users, as well as their relationships with the common mental disorder, depressive episode and risk of suicide, generating evidence about important mental health problems in this audience, which raises reflections on a7 the need for public health policies that involve effective interventions, in addition to the use of SPA, but focusing on the biopsychosocial individual, with regard to mental and physical health and quality of life, in addition to controlling suicide methods, in order to minimize the risk.