Análise econômico-social dos principais sistemas de produção no perímetro irrigado Morada Nova, Ceará.

Abstract

The objective was to carry out a social economic analysis of the main production systems in the Morada Nova irrigated perimeter, in 2018. A questionnaire made it possible to obtain the information, which were all made up of primary data on rice, beans, corn and sorghum crops, in addition to shrimp farming, with a groundwater source, mainly from shallow wells. A comparative analysis of the application efficiency and water productivity was carried out considering the scenarios with surface water and groundwater. The indicators of added value, farmer's income and level of social reproduction were analyzed for conditions with and without financing under the credit line of Pronaf Mais Alimento, both for agriculture and shrimp farming. Water allocation indicators, productive security, water security, economic security and social security were also analyzed. The results allowed the following conclusions: In the current management of flood irrigation in rice cultivation with a groundwater source, the total water depth applied in the crop cycle is 5% less than the need for net irrigation of the crop and corresponds only between 30 and 40% of the total amount of water applied when irrigation with a surface water source was practiced in lighter textured soils. The analysis of negative cash flow for the cultivation of beans and corn, traditional crops in the PIMN corroborates with the emergence of a new profile of exploration, with a strong tendency for dairy farming (family farmers) and the expansion of shrimp farming (business areas). The high fixed costs due to the high values of investments necessary for the implantation of the enterprises, for a scenario without the support of rural social credit, constitute a strong limitation to agricultural activities in the semiarid region, thus demonstrating the importance of rural credit in terms of its economic viability as a social instrument for shrimp farmers, as well as for family-based irrigated production systems. The level of social reproduction for production systems with financing is possible to obtain with cultivation areas that represent less than half of the systems without financing, since the use of financing provides the largest marginal contributions per unit of areas and, consequently , the highest aggregate values for each hectare in production, thus constituting more intensive in relation to cultivation without financing.