Prevalência e fatores associados ao autorrelato da exposição à agressão física efetuada por adulto da família entre escolares do ensino fundamental em Fortaleza – CE

Abstract

Introduction: Violence is a growing public health problem, either due to its high prevalence or to the consequences caused to the physical and/or psychological health of the victims. The juvenile violence suffered results in physical, social, behavioral and psychological problems, being aggravated when the aggressors make up the family nucleus. Objective: To analyze the magnitude and factors associated with self-reported exposure to physical aggression by a family adult among 9th grade elementary school students in the city of Fortaleza - CE in 2012 and 2015. Materials and methods: Population-based cross-sectional study using data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) 2012/2015. A sample of 3,910 9th grade students enrolled and regularly attending the day shift, public or private school (n= 54/2012 and 50/2015) from the city of Fortaleza - CE. Data were extracted from blocks B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9 and B13 of the original questionnaire. The database was downloaded in Excel® 2010 format, followed by standardization and internal consistency analysis. The outcome suffered violence was constructed from question B09003 of block B9. Prevalence and 95% CI stratified by type of aggressor were calculated. Although ethical issues were observed, submission to the committee was not required because it was public domain data. Results and discussion: There is an increase in the prevalence of self-report of physical aggression by family adult among students in the three years (increase of 2.8%, p=0.003). The occurrence of single aggression in the last 30 days decreased by 30.5%, the frequency of aggressions increased for both monthly (+283.3%) and weekly (+117.4%) frequency. Women (52.4% vs 51.2%), black/brown (56.0% vs 65.7%), between 14-18 years old (82.4% vs 86.0%) and without sexual onset (p=0.002) were the ones who most reported having suffered violence by an adult in the family. Male students (47.6% vs 48.8%) showed higher growth between the years. In 2015, there was a decrease of 8.1% of those who tried alcohol and an increase of 8.2% in the use of other drugs at some time in life. Schoolchildren beaten by adults in the family live with their mothers (89.4% vs 87.3%) and they had an increase in education (higher education/graduate 8.6% to 9.2%). Increased engagement in firearm fighting (+4.7%) over the last 30 days. Over the past 12 months, the number of times involved in physical aggression (+11.6% - p=0.037), severely injured (+ 4.4% - p=0.201) and the number of episodes of aggression (+7.2% - p=0.083). There is an increase in the search for the support network (+13.1%), especially in primary care (UBS/ESF/PSF - 52.4% vs 38.3% - p=0.103), but with reduction among those who managed PHC attendance (73.0% vs 49.5%, p= 0.015). Conclusion: The factors that may influence the occurrence of self-reported exposure to physical aggression by an adult in the family among students are within the individual, family, social and school contexts and the health support network.