Análise da atenção primária à saúde da sede de Sobral, Ceará a partir da teoria de sistemas

Abstract

The evaluation of Primary Health Care gains importance in the Unified Health System (UHS), yet it faces theoretical and operational challenges due to the complexity of its processes and its multiple conjunct and historical causes. In Sobral, Ceará, the construction of the Municipal Health System, as a set of services coordinated by local management, with defined geographic area and goals to improve the population’s health situation clearly established, began in 1997. Through this, we report on the current health care model in Sobral that has completed ten years of implantation, based on presuppositions from the Family Health Program and centered on health promotion actions and illness prevention, in the sense of evaluating how this process of change is faring throughout this process and socialize, after research, the main indicators of change, enabling the redirecting of actions proposed by the actors involved in the system from the perspective of health care professionals and users. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between the Health Care model developed in Sobral and the presuppositions of Health Promotion, we propose in this study to analyze the Primary Health Care scenario in the light of systemic thinking, taking the year 2006 as reference. For which, we developed an evaluative study with qualitative approach, from the referential of Systemic Thinking (ST). The social actors in the survey were the professionals that perform in the Family Health Strategy in the three Health Centers in Sobral, Ceará: Pedrinhas, Sumaré and Padre Palhano, the managers of these Health Centers and the health service users, who accepted to participate in the survey by means of a Term of Free and Informed Consent. The information was collected by means of a form, group focus and interview. For the data from interviews, managers and focus groups, we used the Collective Subject Speech technique. In the results, the facilitating factors for the satisfaction of presented services prevailed: reception, sense of comfort, at Basic Health Units, attendance satisfaction, and non-existence of post-consultation doubts, confidence in the work team, respect demonstrated by the team; With limitations being in smaller proportions and overcome by the relevance of facilitating factors, being presented by: limited information on the running of the service and little receptivity from users for participation in educative sessions. The study demonstrated that the professionals from the Family Health Team (FHT) had a strong relationship established with the community in the territory covered and this is presented as a determinant in the quality of assistance provided. Finally, we require articulation from all the governmental and non-governmental spheres to rethink, discuss and redirect strategies that permit better performance and running of (FHTs), including more investments that prioritize the financing of components that give sustainability to policies in primary care.