O Acolhimento às pessoas em sofrimento psíquico: um desafio à reforma psiquiátrica.

Abstract

The way the professional, who acts in the substitutive devices to the Psychiatric Reform, welcomes the subjects that came to these spaces showing or describing some complaint about psychic suffering, represents a challenge to the guidelines proposed by the reform. In this sense, we search, by doing this research, to know how much the current daily practices the way they list professionals and users approach or go away themselves each other from the goal proposed. To talk about the main aspects that resulted in the creation of Sistema Único de Saúde, we return to the political and social events of the movements of the Sanitary and Psychiatric Reform comprising how these historical movements configure the way the Subject in Psychic Suffering is currently welcomed in the substitutes Reform services. The care model substitute carries a reformulation of the care model in mental health and consequent reorganization of the services, according to the guidelines proposed by the Health Ministry in the National Health Mental Conferences. Emerson Merhy talks about the need of creation of a care model more interactive with other devices, in the sense of the offered care must meet the subject in a full way, making work the flow of the services that can to attend the needs of the subject. This line of care ends expressed in the way the welcome of the subject happens in the services, bringing the light tecnologies of care as institute power to the change of the care model. We have made a bibliometric research, in the sites SCIELO and BIREME, through the descriptors Psychiatric Reform, Psychic Suffering and Host, in which was selected 29 texts, with updated clipping to these questions, from 2007 to 2017 and generate a file with the main informations to attend the goals of the research. Considering the found papers which reveal the challenges and impasses, as the dificulty of doing a diferente practice, the non participation of the medical category, the challenges of the matrix support implantation, the precariousness of the work conditions and the non effectiveness of daily actions of the professionals in the services based on guidelines proposed by the SUS, we came across the practices that reveal that we have not made a reform yet. The papers that reveal the non effectiveness of the reform proposes were published in several regions of the country, and, this way, we can infer that this dificulty of the implantation of the principles of the reform is widespread throughout the Brazil. Though are notorious the advences in the área of the reform, there are still many impasses that need to be expired in order to promote the care lined in their principles to those ones who during so long time were condemned to mistreatments, isolation and exclusion.