Validação conceitual do diagnóstico de enfermagem padrão respiratório ineficaz

Abstract

The study aims to conduct a conceptual validation of the nursing diagnosis Ineffective Breathing Pattern in order to analyze the relevance of its components (definition, defining characteristics and factors focused on issues), as well as the construction of definitions that help nurses to understand and infer the diagnosis in question. The study is based on the following questions: The definition of the diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern offers a clear and representative description? There are other defining characteristics, in addition to the existing, which represents this human response? There are other factors focused on problems that trigger the diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern? How these components are defined and measured? A conceptual analysis of the concept ventilation was proceeded. An integrative literature review was performed from four databases (LILACS, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science), using the keywords "pulmonary ventilation" and "respiration" and their equivalents in English, Portuguese and Spanish. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies that supported the concept of analysis were selected. A conceptual analysis led to the following results: identification of two possible concept uses (pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation); recognition of five essential attributes (moving a gas volume, pressure changes, involuntary and unconscious process dependent on muscle activity and movement of the chest wall); identification of 14 antecedent, of which ten have no correspondence with the factors focused on problems reported in the NANDA-I; identified ten consequent two of which are not included in the list of defining characteristics presented by NANDA-I; development of a model case and contrary case. The findings contributed to elaborate a new definition for the diagnosis Ineffective respiratory diagnosis, as well as review the elements that compose it (defining characteristics and factors focused on problems). Thus, the study helped to identify evidences presented in the literature that can contribute to the refinement of diagnosis in question and, therefore, improve NANDA-I taxonomy.