Filosofia do diálogo: aproximações entre Hannah Arendt e Emmanuel Lévinas

Abstract

The works of Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Lévinas cannot be dissociated from the tragic events that marked the 20th century, in particular, the Second World War. Both experienced the crisis of the European Civilization of the last century, immersed into the self instead of valuing plurality. The purpose of this article is to analyze the critical nature of the work of these thinkers about the ontological and contemplative character of Western philosophy and how they sought an alternative for the illness of western humanism through a dialog philosophy. For the development of this article, a hermeneutic and comparative methodology was used through bibliographical review of the above mentioned thinkers and other who dedicated themselves to the theme. As a conclusion, it is possible to infer that the ontological philosophy that prevailed from the beginning of modern times in the West unleashed an excessive and self-sufficient rationality that reflects and is reflected by contemporary society itself based on isolation, competition, consumerism and indifference. Subject only to the limits imposed by his own conscience, modern man closed himself by sacrificing transcendence. Criticizing self-centered ethics and overcoming Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue,Arendt and Lévinas propose a dialogical perspective of thinking oneself from and with the other in the pursuit of a just society, based on plurality and peace. Depositing a deep faith in the human capacity to act and perform the miracle of rebirth, these philosophers argue that this would be the meaning of existence itself.