O antiplatonismo prático de Max Stirner: apropriação pessoal vs. emancipação humana

Abstract

Stirner is better understood as a critic of Modernity, but also and mainly as an existential philosopher of reappropriation of and return to oneself, which for him entails a sort of perspectivism, corporeal and individual in the first place. As a Young (Anti-)Hegelian, together – and in competition – with Marx, Feuerbach and Bruno Bauer, Stirner turns himself against the alienation of oneself to society conceived as substance, and against the human conceived as one‟s essence and measure, task and vocation. From that there follows his positions in favor of the free association of individuals as unique beings (inside present, “traditional” society), in favor of personal rebellion understood as picking oneself up and as personal flourishing (even if inside a social, collective revolution, which that “uprising” must complete), and in favor of the appropriation and fruition of oneself, that would only depend on oneself. The individual is now, for herself, her own master and measure, even if that may seem too little, on one side, and, on the other, intolerably offensive. What Stirner calls egoism is not much more than that. Differently from his rivals, he refuses to claim for his egoist position the character of a truer Critique, since, for him, all theoretical critiques always depend on a dogma, an abstract thought. But instead he claims the character of an attitude of recovered/developed spontaneity, more “desiring” than intellectual, of personal appropriation, creation and self-creation.