Percepções do conforto por pacientes renais crônicos

Abstract

The chronic renal patient dependent on renal replacement therapy faces discomforts that are beyond physical issues arising from the symptomatology of the disease. They are psychological, spiritual, environmental, and social problems, which result in a rupture in individuals' lifestyles, causing even greater disturbances in their health-disease process. In view of the above, many obstacles to the achievement of comfort were found, therefore the objectives of the study were: To elucidate the perceptions of chronic kidney patients on comfort in the hemodialysis environment in the light of Katharine Kolcaba's Comfort Theory and to list the priority aspects of comfort for the chronic renal patient in the hemodialysis environment. This is an exploratory descriptive study of a qualitative nature performed at a hemodialysis clinic in Fortaleza, Ceará. The data were obtained through a sample of 30 patients, being adopted as criteria of inclusion: (1) To have diagnosis of Chronic Renal Disease, (2) To be conscious and oriented, (3) Patient to be over 18 years old and, as exclusion criteria were adopted: (1) Inability to communicate verbally. Data collection was performed in May and June 2018 through the semi-structured interview, using an instrument with broad questions based on the Katharine Kolcaba Comfort Theory and the General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). Data analysis was performed using the Bardin method. As shown in the testimonials obtained, the perceptions of comfort permeate between several dimensions, which influence the escalation to the reach of comfort. Dimensions that enter into multiple aspects, ranging from physical, environmental, psycho-spiritual and social aspects to the dimensions of states: Calm, relief and transcendence, making complex the relation of comfort of the renal patient with hemodialysis. The renal client dependent on renal replacement therapy shows that their routine is marked by limitations to the comfort that makes their journey with the disease even more adverse. It is also explained that comfort becomes a priority within the reach of the self-realization of the patient, in addition to revealing that the act of comfort proves to be a new challenge for the health team that dedicates itself to the care of individuals in these conditions.