Logística reversa de embalagens em atendimento à política nacional de resíduos sólidos: estudos de caso da Alemanha e do Brasil

Abstract

The current culture of Brazil is influenced by the habits of exacerbated consumption of disposable materials, and packaging is one of the main protagonists. A consequence of this excessive production of disposable materials is the increase in the generation of urban solid waste, where the lifespan of landfills is reduced into its exhaustion. It was defined by Law nr. 12.305 / 2010 that the proper disposal of waste should be guaranteed, such as the recycling of these for example. This work has as general objective to analyze the problem of the implementation of reverse logistics and sectoral agreements in some segments of the productive sector, in particular packaging, in comparison with case studies of the reverse logistics policy in Germany and Brazil. A bibliographic research was carried out based on thematic consultation and case studies; a brief quantitative research was also carried out through a virtual form in the case study of the municipality of Maracanaú, Ceará. In general terms, the results indicate that (i) the current legislation is comparable to the international legislation investigated, but a specific decree is necessary for its effectiveness; (ii) there is a demand for safer and more realistic data; (iii) Germany's reverse logistics system is highly efficient and its success can be attributed to the enactment of the Packaging Decree and the centralization of operations in a single entity throughout the country, which is financed by the companies responsible for the Decree, (iv) the case study of Paraná shows the practical operation of the sectoral agreement signed, (v) the sectoral agreement requires the reverse logistics of packaging, but the results so far have been unsatisfactory, (vi) improvement of the logistics system Reversal through the insertion of the private initiative, where the selective collection would be carried out by three branches: private entity, associations of collectors and PEV. It is concluded that there is much to be done in the field of reverse logistics of packaging in Brazil, compared to that required by the National Policy on Solid Waste.