Sistema de registro de preços: eficiência relativa das Universidades Federais Brasileiras em aquisições e contratações públicas

Abstract

The search for efficiency is a highlight in public management. Optimizing the resources became the target since the implementation of the Management in the public sector in the 1980s. In this research, the Price Registration System - SRP is treated as an optimization tool for public procurement, presenting the following problem: how have Brazilian FederalUniversities been conducting their purchases through the use of SRP? Proposing, as an objective, to analyze and present the relative efficiency of the Brazilian Federal Universities regarding the use of SRP in public purchases. It is a descriptive research, associated with a bibliographic and documentary study, with a quantitative approach. Primary data, obtained through a questionnaire, and secondary data collected from the Government Procurement Panel system were used. In order to obtain the relative efficiency, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used with the output-oriented Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model. Sixty (60) federal universities, known as Decision Making Units (DMU's), were investigated. In the results, it was identified that the number of processes of purchases by SRP is low. The highest percentage, by region, was 47.64%. There are DMU's that use the waiveras a rule, and it was found that, the bidding can reduce the values of the acquisitions by up to 74.20%, depending on the region. Regarding the availability of personnel, 50% of the DMU's have 100% of the servers, in the bidding sector, able to work with the SRP. As for the number of trainings over SRP, between 2014 and 2017, there are DMU's that: did not offer - 18.33%; offered 1 (one) - 26.66%; they offered 2 (two) - 20%; and offered 3 (three) - 35%. The 60 (sixty) DMUs, regarding relative efficiency, were divided into: high - 45%; mean - 3%; low - 27%; and very low - 25%. 26 (twenty six) have reached the efficiency frontier, with the result of 100%. 56.66% were considered inefficient. The highest percentage of efficient (53.84%) is concentrated in capitals, that is, in large urban centers; and when the total number of efficients is divided between capitals and smaller municipalities, these have achieved efficiency of 44.44%, which is higher than that of universities in the capitals (42.42%). Finally, the general average of the DMUs was 75.58%, a low indicator of relative efficiency, not reached by 50% (30 universities) of the sample, concluding with the low efficiency in the use of SRP. This whole scenario of inefficiency can be modified with the use of benchmarks and adjustments in input and output factors, as indicated by the DEA.