Violação da simetria de Lorentz e relatividade muito especial

Abstract

The Lorentz symmetry has a fundamental importance in many areas of physics, playing a major role in the setting of Quantum Field Theory and General Relativity and to the String Theory. Due to limitations of the standard model scenario, which does not include gravity, and does not explain the energy and dark mass, new theories are proposed in a setting beyond the standard model. In this context arises the violation of Lorentz Symmetry. Proposed by Kostelecky and Samuel in 1989, this theory incorporates the violation of Lorentz to the Standard Model, in what is now called the Extended Standard Model (ESM). One way to breach this model is performed by a four-vector from the spontaneous breaking of an internal symmetry. This violation is associated, from the point of view of call processing particle ("boost" the particle position in the presence of a background field without change in the observer), the behavior scaling the components of the four-vector. Under the observer transformation, this four-vector has a covariant behavior (well-defined transformation) of Lorentz, setting a different behavior between different frames of reference. A different scenario where it appears the violation of Lorentz, but now the level of the group algebra, is called Relativity Very Special (VSR). Proposal by Cohen and Glashow in 2006, VSR, agrees to high energies with Relativity conventional special, but presents a disagreement at low energies. The aim of this work is to make an introduction to these topics and discuss research Initial applications of the general relativistic systems.