Autocuidado de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS acerca da imunização segundo a Teoria de Dorothea Orem

Abstract

Despite the particularities of immunobiological administration for People Living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA) the indication of vaccinating these individuals is intended to prevent other diseases due to compromised immunity. The overall objective is to describe the PLWHA perceptions about self-care in relation to immunization, according to the Theory of Orem Self Care. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a qualitative approach that was developed in 2014 at the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the University Hospital Walter Cantídio (HUWC) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). The sample was determined by saturation data being constituted by 20 PLWHA. The data collection was made in private rooms, using a form to collect sociodemographic data and then recorded the interview with the guiding question “Do you know what is a vaccine and knows the importance of immunization for the person living with HIV/aids?”. The information obtained was categorized by content analysis of Bardin. This study was approved by the HUWC’s Research Ethics Committee. The results presented that most of the participants were male, brown skin color, with a mean age of 42.6 years, had primary education to secondary education, single, had employees and family monthly income ranging from one to three salaries minimum. For this study the self-care requirements were adopted in the health deviation of Orem's Self-Care Theory: Search and ensure appropriate medical care; Be aware of and take into account the effects and results of conditions and disease states; Learning to live with the effects of conditions and disease states and the consequences of medical diagnosis and treatment measures in lifestyle promoting the continued personal development. The five categories drawn from the reports were: Vaccination prevents the occurrence of disease; Awareness of the need to take the prescribed vaccines; The vaccine helps to treat because HIV infection has no cure; Unawareness about the vaccines, despite taking them; The non-effectiveness of vaccines. The data showed that the majority of respondents showed self-care and basic knowledge related to immunization and health promotion. The use of Orem's Self-Care Theory was critical to identify self-care perceptions in the diversion of health on immunization that PLWHA reported.