Sensoriamento remoto como contribuição ao estudo das ilhas de calor de superfície em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará

Abstract

The city can be understood as the materialization of human activities, and when this happens to affect the local atmosphere, produces a new balance of energy that brings about thermal changes in the urban environment. These thermal modifications are, in most cases, treated as a problem, because they cause inconveniences of a collective or individual nature. Based on these premises, this research proposes to contribute to the study of the Surface Heat Islands, insofar as it is concerned with analyzing the thermal oscillations in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, located in the south of the state of Ceará. This research was developed based on the theoretical proposal of the Urban Climate System (SCU) and sought to identify and understand the behavior of this phenomenon through the techniques inserted in geoprocessing, among which highlights the remote sensing and its products, especially satellite images Landsat TM and TIRS sensors.The selection of the years was based on the availability of images with absence of clouds, being analyzed in the respective rainy periods (February to May) and dry (Second semester of the year), giving importance to the influence of the vegetation, from the analysis of the Index of Vegetation by Normalized Difference (NDVI) for the same years, as well as the influence of the constructive materials through the arrangement of the different types of soil occupation To the municipality. With the intersection of this information, the distribution of the heat cores represented by the surface temperature, determining their disposition, their temporal and spatial behavior under the influence of seasonality and their evolution in the years studied (1986, 1996 and 2010) was delineated. Among the obtained results, to give evidence to the behavior of the heat core, which in the rainy season behaves as a core of heat of greater density concentrated in the urban perimeter and in the dry period this nucleus dismembers in other nuclei of smaller extent And equally hot, spreading mainly in the southwest, south and southeast sectors of the county. The highest surface temperatures were found mainly in the urban perimeter, where it has a high concentration of constructed material and the lowest values were found in the cuts related to the more natural surfaces, such as the urban fringes, the distribution areas of the drainage that cuts the municipality , Areas with higher vegetation density and higher relief areas, such as Horto Hill. The results obtained with the research expresses a scientific report of the reactions of a dynamic system to the modifications of the urban environment, motivating concern with the quality of life of the population.