Avaliação de propriedades de superfície de revestimentos aplicados a filés de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) e camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Abstract

The increase in world population and the increase in income and significant urban growth over the years have raised increasing demand for food. Added to this, changes in nutritional standards and benefits from a healthier diet rich in nutrient sources for the human body, have generated a growing demand for fresh food and good quality, among which we can highlight the fish . In this context the fish, particularly Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), has been featured both in Ceará scenario as in Brazil. However, these are food products of high perishability, both being subject to microbial as biochemical changes. In this context, new strategies have been developed in order to increase the storage capacity of food and improve existing technology. Edible coatings consist of a major techniques that have been used for this purpose, using natural elements to improve the quality of fish and prolong its shelf life and thus substituting at least partially the use of chemical preservatives. Thus, biopolymers the basis of polysaccharides and proteins, especially chitosan and gelatin are important elements to achieve these goals. In this scenario, the study of surface properties is a relevant tool to the correct choice of solutions to be used in food products because the solutions to be chosen properly will allow greater durability and maintenance of coatings on foodstuffs. In this context, this study aimed to develop strategies for the application of edible coatings based on polysaccharides and proteins, especially the biopolymer chitosan and gelatin in the Nile Tilapia fish fillets (Oreochromis niloticus) and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ). For this, the properties of surfaces of fillets of Nile tilapia and shrimp were evaluated, and the wettability of coatings on these fish fillets. In terms, it was concluded that both surfaces of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are characterized as low energy (<100 mN / m), with its surface tension 63.80 ( mN / m) and 59.93 (mN / m), in this order. The components: polar and dispersive Tilapia are 49.98 (mN / m) and 13.82 (mN / m), respectively. As for the components: polar and dispersive shrimp are 45.79 (mN / m) and 14.14 (mN / m), in that order. The compositions that enhance the wettability of each coating studied for each material are respectively: 1) for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): 1.0% chitosan and 0.1% glycerol (Ws = -11.609 ± 3 06 mN / m); 1.0% gelatin and 0.2% glycerol (Ws = -10.029 ± 2.50 mN / m); 2) For shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei): 1.0% chitosan and 0.0% glycerol (Ws = -12.934 ± 2.05 mN / m); 1.0% gelatin and 0.0% glycerol (Ws = -5.588 ± 2.26 mN / m). Therefore, these are the compositions which can be used to coat these fish fillets.