Comportamento espaço-temporal da pneumonia e suas relações com os elementos climáticos e sociais em Campina Grande-PB

Abstract

In urban areas inserted in semi-arid regions, it can be observed that not only the natural conditions interfer with the local microclimate, but also the changes occurring in the use and land cover, which is a predominant factor in the population\\\'s quality of life, interfering in human health. In the urban environment, vertical integration and deforestation, among other modifications alter the pattern of winds and undertake the process of dispersion of pollutants suspended in the atmosphere. The materials used for paving, building and increasing sealed areas change the surface energy balance forming heat islands causing thermal discomfort and many favor the dispersion of infectious agents promoting the proliferation of respiratory diseases, so there is an alert setting for public managers. In this context, the objective of this research was to investigate the climatic and socio-environmental conditions and their relationship with the occurrence of pneumonia in children 0-5 years of age in Campina Grande - PB, based on geotechnology. With the development of urban areas in Campina Grande it was established that the substitution of green areas by impermeable areas generated several heat cores, modifying the daily life of the population and creating a trigger scenario of diseases. The results showed that climate variables considered of greater influence on the occurrence of pneumonia were the maximum average temperature range and relative humidity. The wind speed also contributed positively as a dispersing agent of the particles suspended in the atmosphere. However, those are not the only responsible for the occurrence of pneumonia, social and environmental conditions also increase the likelihood of the disease. With the index of family social vulnerability created, it was verified that in the first 6 years the intense concentration of cases happened in neighborhoods with rates of very high and high vulnerability, concomitantly in areas with little or no presence of vegetation and high waterproofing index. In the last years, the concentration of cases occurred in a different, random way, despite the permanence in the central region of the city during the 13 evaluated years.It is worth noting that the model created for the analysis contributes to combating the disease in question, because through it, it is possible to estimate the number of cases of pneumonia, according to meteorological variables and thus create prevention policies.