O trabalho como formação e deformação humana em Hegel e Marx

Abstract

I reveal, initially, a positivity of work in Hegel’s ideas, which is approved critically in his Economic and Philosphic Manuscripts (Ökonomisch-philosophische Manuskripte) (1844). In Phenomenology of Mind (Phänomenologie des Geites), Hegel supports that, by mediation through work, self-conciousness becomes consciousness-for-itself, auto-consnciousness. Hegel indicates that work educates and forms consciousness. Marx admits that Hegel’s Phenomenology of Mind is a seminal oeuvre, in view of the fact that Hegel conceives the “self-creation” of individual as a process, because he considers the essence of work and because he evinces the objective individual “as the result of his or her own work”. However, Hegel only focuses on the positive aspects of work, excluding the importance of its negative elements. In contrast to Hegel, there is in Marx ideas a double conception of work: in its affirmative aspect (the free work, living labor, useful and concrete labor), and in its negative concept (alienated labor, wage labor, abstract and dead labor).