Politecnia e escola unitária: reflexão com base em Pistrak, Gramsci e Saviani

Abstract

The debate surrounding the polytechnic concepts and unit school have occurred throughout the twentieth century and the beginning of the current by different currents linked to the Marxist camp. However, it is far from a consensus, or rather, of their exhaustion. That does not mean it is less important, on the contrary, their constant update is essential in the fight for a school that contributes to human emancipation, is a dealienating school. This study intended to bring to light issues that seem far in this discussion and from authors already recognized for his role in the development of an education based on Marxist thought: What actually Pistrak understood as polytechnic and it would? How important, in Gramsci, the unitary school for the formation of a new society? How are grasped the concepts of polytechnic and unitary school at the thought of Saviani? The answer to these questions intends to debate the polytechnic and unitary school action by the Marxist educators. As it comes to concepts, the whole study was carried out theoretically, so had the technical bibliographic study and activities related to it: literature, abstracts, fichamentos, reviews. In addition to Marx and Engels (1983 and 2007), Marx (1985, 1988, 2013), Pistrak (2011 and 2015), Gramsci (1982, 1987 and 2011) and Saviani (1989 and 2003), many debaters were important, include: Sousa JR (2011), Nosella (2010), Sousa (2012), Frigotto and Ciavatta (2014), Frigotto (1984), Kuenzer (1988) and Sousa and Oliveira (2013). We understand that Marx presented the polytechnic as part of a school that would take human formation from the junction between scientific knowledge and training for production, while Pistrak understand the alliance polytechnic as the school that would form the man for the new Soviet society . Gramsci means the only school as one that balance fairly the development of manual and intellectual work capacity. In Brazil the seizure of these concepts develops prominently in what we call School Saviani, it is widely debated by educators who have developed their studies under its influence. Saviani to the proposal of polytechnic education aims to overcome the current division and dehumanization of man, whether considered as individuals or as a class. Finally, a single type of school that some intellectual and productive training as an educational ground of being, aiming his alienation is the defending theorists studied here.