Ação tutorial na educação superior em dois programas: PET/Brasil e PTM23/Portugal

Abstract

The present study had as object of study the tutorial action in Higher Education and as a general objective: to understand how the tutorial action is constituted in the Program of Tutorial Education (PET) of the State University of Ceara (UECE) and in the Tutoring Program Over 23 (PTM23) of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon (FP-UL) in its theoretical-practical and political-pedagogical aspects. We used the methodology of the Discourse of the Collective Subject-DSC that is based on the Theory of Social Representations (attribution of sense of subjects) for the treatment of the data of the type testimonies collected in verbal or written discourses. The rescue of the speeches occurred in two moments: in stage I, in Brazil, we conducted semi-structured interviews with two interlocutors and with seven tutors; and discussion groups with 68 petianos. In stage II, in Portugal, we conducted semi-structured interviews with two coordinators; two tutors; and eight students "Over 23". The analysis was carried out from the creation of discursive axes organized by groups of social actors based on the anchorages for the creation of the DSCs. The theoretical-methodological references of the research centered on the constructions of Sacristán (2000), Macedo (2008, 2011, 2013), Veiga Simão, Flores (2005); Baudrit (2009), Álvarez Pérez and González Afonso (2008), Leitinho (2008), Zabalza (2011), Lefèvre and Lefèvre (2005, 2010), among others. Results revealed that there is a need for tutors training and in concerning practice, the tutorial action is multidimensional, professionally enriching the tutors, giving them the opportunity for multiple learnings, and for the students it promotes their personal, academic and professional development to act in society. We concluded that the concept of tutoring is not uniform and there are several "tutorials", each of which attends to specific needs in different contexts. The development of the tutoring should take place in a systematized way and adapted to the realities, by overcoming the difficulties and the challenges that are presented, making it important to institutionalize their practices. In this sense, tutoring requires constant evaluation, promoting an improvement in the quality of its actions, which will impact on teaching and learning methodologies, on management, on the curriculum, in the end, on the whole institution and for those who benefit from it.