Identificação, Atividade Antioxidante e Análise Toxicogenômica de Compostos Fenólicos de Sementes de Triplaris gardneriana Wedd

Abstract

Antioxidants can act in the treatment of various diseases related to oxidative stress. The Caatinga biome from Northeast, has a vegetation adapted to adverse conditions that can increase the concentration of antioxidants. Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. (Poligonaceae), known as Pajeú is used in the treatment of venereal disease and intestinal inflammation. This work aims to obtain the ethanol extract and fractions of Pajeú seeds and identify the phenolic compounds, and evaluate its antioxidant and toxicity activities. The chemical composition was assessed by quantification of flavonoids, phenolics and tannins and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant potential was assessed by testing scavenging free radical DPPH (diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl), inhibition of lipid peroxidation, iron chelator capacity and assessment of the ability to prevent stress and restore the oxidative balance in cells. Toxicity was assessed by hemolytic activity, cytotoxicity using Artemia sp., Cytotoxicity against breast (MCF7) and intestinal (Caco 2) carcinogenic cells, evaluation of the alteration of gene expression in exposed MCF7 cells to samples for 6 h. Were identified 4 phenolic acids and 8 flavonoids by HPLC, many of these are being described for the first time for this specie. The methanol fraction showed the best results for DPPH (NC50 11.45 µg/mL). The acetate fraction showed the best result in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (IC50 6.14 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate fraction had the best performance in the chelating ability (48% complexation to 1.000 µ/mL). The ethanol extract protected MCF 7 cells against oxidative stress and was able to restore the oxidative balance after stress have already been established. Haemolytic activity was weaker by the extract with maximum values of 40%. Front of Artemia sp the extract showed LC50 67.85 mg / mL. The extract showed low toxicity values against both cell lines and changed in toxicogenomics a small number of genes (14 genes, 0.22% of total), the main act in the interaction with various types of viruses (IFIT1, MX1, OAS1), the same genes were altered in the same way by quercetin, a flavonoid present in the extract. Drugs with similar gene signature submitted by the extract has the antimicrobial function, which is a characteristic of phenolic compounds such as those identified in the extract. Thus, this study contributed to the identification of novel bioactive molecules with antioxidant activity, with low risk of use and which may be useful as potential phytotherapeutic