Estudo exploratório de parâmetros de soldagem de revestimentos com ligas de níquel empregando o processo TIG com alimentação de arame frio

Abstract

The aim of this work was to carry out a systematic study of GTAW welding parameters with feeding of cold wire for covering application of nickel alloys (UNS N06625, UNS N06686 and UNS N10276) in substract of steel C-Mn considering the analysis of geometric, economic and operational characteristics of layers, form to adjust these coverings for the industries of the Sector of Oil and Natural Gas. The weldings were carried out employing an industrial robot and an automatic feeder of cold covered. A preliminary study was carried out to determine the initial conditions to exploration of the parameters, after that it was carried through the welding of a complete factorial. In a last exploration of welding parameters was applied the Taguchi Method to carry out to the analysis of diverse factories of control with a reduced number of experiments. The geometric profile of weld filet was raised in the transversal section of the test specimen. After it obtained the results, some adjustments were made to carry out weldings of coverings. The results showed that the correct adjustments of the Distance of the Tip of the Wire Workpiece (DTWW) influenced in the geometry and diluition weld filet and in the arc stability. It was also seen that to obtain minors levels of dilution, a Distance of the Tip of the Electrode Workpiece (DTEW) depends of the level of energy employed, for lesser energies use lesser DTEWs and, for higher energies, higher DTEWs must be used. The levels of dilution and reinforcement were reduced with the use of the weaving technique. The technique of the energy influenced of significant way in the geometry and dilution of the weld filet. For the same energy welding and, consequently nearly equal cooling rate and heat in the sample, it can have diverse levels of the dilution without metallurgical alterations. The protection gas influenced in the dilution and the convexity index (R/L) of the weld metal, in a general way, the mixture of argon and nitrous oxide presented the best condition for welding of coverings. The adjustment of the energy for current welding (Type I) presented the best efficiency of for low energy, already for high energy, the best adjustment is for welding speed (Type V). For low levels of dilution, the use of weaving technique reduced of significant way the times and associates costs accomplishment of coverings. With the results obtained it was possible to carry out coverings of quality with low levels of dilution (<10 %) trough of GTAW process with feeding of cold wire.