Promoção da saúde do adolescente baseada na arte/educação e centrada na comunidade

Abstract

The teenager is a priority public in the areas of promotion, prevention and health protection in large Brazilian cities, due to socioeconomic factors that extend its risks and vulnerabilities. Some educational proposals include the art education as attractive approach to these adolescents, however, remain disconnected from the health sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contributions of art education to health promotion of adolescents in urban social vulnerability, through awareness and empowerment process. It is a participatory evaluation research, with a predominantly qualitative approach. The theoretical framework used was the Empowerment Evaluation articulated to Critical Awareness. The research was conducted with a group of 21 teenagers and 5 art educators in one of the units of the Governamental Citizenship Network Program in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in the period from July to November 2013, through five steps: 1) Mission; 2) Taking Stock; 3) Planning for the Future; 4) Implementation and Monitoring; 5) Revaluation. Data were categorized based on the analysis of the produced artistic products, records in field diary, recordings of group sessions on audio or video and evaluation panels. The study was approved at the University Ethics Research Committee, under protocol number 369.359. The results described the adolescent health needs and priorities in two main focuses: 1) Community, with the categories: health care, diseases, traffic, violence, drugs, and leisure; 2) Teenager: body, mind, friendships, dating/sex and fun. Participants identified ten art education activities developed by the program that have dimensionalities on the adolescents health in the areas of visual arts, audiovisual and dance. Goals and strategies have been implemented to promote health in drawing activities, graffiti, photography and stretching through collaborative evidences. Some changes were observed after re-evaluation of the process and involved the triad: individual, community and program. A predominantly negative view of the neighborhood was becoming a vision full of possibilities, examples and personal empowerment. This reseacrh proposed a model of Adolescent Health Promotion Based on Art Education and Community-Centered. The group walked towards intransitive consciousness, for the transitive-naive and critical, featuring an awareness process that began with the seizure of a health reality initially considered fateful and immutable, past the living situations that favored the questioning of this reality and culminated with the perception of the possibilities of change and self-determination for change.