Modelo de apoio à tomada de decisão em um sistema agroflorestal do bioma caatinga: Uma aplicação da dinâmica de sistemas

Abstract

Currently, the search for solutions to reduce the consequences of human action on the environment has enabled the development of new clean production systems, as well as the understanding of a development model that meets the new paradigm of sustainable production.Agroforestry Systems are shown as an alternative to this social and economic reality, since through the environmental services generated in these systems is possible, in an integrated manner, the productin of food and goods for human and animal.Within a holistic view, understanding of system functins in order to undestand how the environment, soil, animals, plants and humans interact is vital to the development of a viable, socially just and envionmentally soound. In this sense we sought to develop through the use of a system dynamics model that would allow a better balance between the socio-economic development of productive activities and the natural environment in an agroforestry system of the caatinga biome. Agroforestry System which formed the basis for this study is located in Fazenda Crioula Belonging to Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos (CNPC) of Embrapa, is situated in the minicipality of Sobral-CE. It was used as a tool for developing the model Vensim software produced by Ventana Systems®. Armed with the preliminary diagnosis of the area characterized the system into five subsystems: Animal I, Animal II, Fodder, Agriculture and Environmental Services (Carbon). The simulations were based on the determination of option settings reproductive management of the herd (number of stations by year of birth) and the different land uses (agricultural crops) and management of caatinga. The results showed that the system was able to meet the nutritional needs of animals on the different scenarios, and generate incom by selling meast products, milk and agricultural productas and the commercialization of CO2 equivalent if there were a specific market for this producer. The milk produced proved to be an important source of income for the producer. The model developed for this research come from agroforestry system was able to contribute to the research already carried out today as well as to the sustainability and viability of this model of production through diversification of activities and products, promoting a more harmanious income generation in time, ie, promoting a more even distribution of service and the revenue generated, thereby reduction the risks of economic impact derived from the fluctuation of market prices and total crop loss when you have a single culture. This context is very suitable for small family farms.